As part of operant conditioning, negative reinforcement shows the connection between behaviour and consequence. You can expect the behaviour that's taking place to continue and become more frequent. Negative reinforcement works by taking something away, either by removing, reducing, postponing or ending it, immediately after the behaviour happens. Taking prescribed medications because you know there are negative health consequences if you don't take themĪpplying lip gloss on your lips since you know they may become dry during the day if you don'tĬompleting homework early before your parents ask you because they may deny you a chance to watch your favourite programmeĭigging a terrace before the rain season begins since it causes flooding at your propertyĪ stay-at-home parent doing housework early to keep the house clean so that those coming from work do not complain that the house is dirty Examples of this type of negative reinforcement contingency include: The difference between the usual avoidance contingency and free-operant avoidance is that, in free-operant avoidance, you're being proactive before an unpleasant experience occurs. With this type of negative reinforcement, the avoidance behaviour occurs freely. In negative reinforcement, free-operant avoidance contingency enables you to delay an unpleasant experience. Staying away from dogs and wild animals to prevent bites and injury Holding a knife by the handle to avoid getting cut Using oven gloves to hold cooking pots to avoid getting burnt Staying away from unfamiliar places or meeting people in public to avoid strange encounters Wearing protective gear when entering or working in hazardous areas to prevent being hurt Giving an excuse to avoid attending a boring or lengthy meetingĬhecking the expiry date to avoid consuming spoilt food Using a different route to avoid meeting someone who is too talkative The various examples of avoidance contingency include:Ī child running away from the dining table to delay or avoid eating the food they dislike You can use this type of negative reinforcement by applying discriminated avoidance when necessary in your everyday activities. Moving away from falling debris to escape getting hurt or being hitĪvoidance contingency allows you to avoid or delay an experience by behaving in certain ways. Wearing sunglasses to cover your eyes and reduce sunlight Putting up an umbrella to avoid getting wet when it's raining Paying your bills early to avoid late payment fees Turning down the volume on the radio to reduce loud noise Spitting food out of your mouth to remove a bad or bitter tasteĮnding an argument with others by walking away Turning off the alarm to stop the loud noise Below are various examples of escape contingency that result from negative reinforcement: This type of negative reinforcement involves the termination of a stimulus in a situation to get favourable outcomes. There are three negative reinforcement contingencies: Escape contingencyĮscape contingency enables you to escape an unpleasant experience. Related: How to practise the qualities of a good teacher Types of negative reinforcement contingencies You can check your behaviour to ensure it doesn't inadvertently reinforce unwanted behaviours even as you use negative reinforcement to remove unpleasant ones. The reinforcement may happen automatically or involve another person. Negative reinforcement can strengthen any response, with either conditioned or unconditioned stimuli serving as negative reinforcers. With time, you can expect the targeted behaviour to happen more often since there's a high possibility of it recurring in the future. Rather, it refers to taking something unpleasant or aversive away and stimulating a certain response. Negative in this context doesn't imply that the method is bad. Negative reinforcement is a disciplinary method that can help you teach specific behaviours since it involves strengthening behaviours to continue and increase by removing the negative condition. Understanding negative reinforcement can help you know which behaviours require this learning method to achieve desired outcomes.
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